Regulation 31/2014 rebuilt the sector. By 31 December 2014, every international and “national plus” school in Indonesia had to convert to an SPK (Satuan Pendidikan Kerjasama — “cooperative education unit”). Independent international schools are prohibited, no school may use the word “international” in its name — hence Jakarta Intercultural School and Surabaya Intercultural School — and each SPK must partner with a domestic institution or an accredited foreign education institution. ↗
The scale: 425-500+ schools. The Indonesian SPK School Association (PSSI), established 2015, counts 425 member schools; other counts put SPK schools above 500 nationwide. There is no live public registry figure, so treat both as the best available rather than exact. ↗
SPK status carries real obligations. SPK schools must teach Indonesian civics, history, religion and language; Indonesian-citizen students sit national examinations at Grades 9 and 12 (foreign students are exempt); and foreign educators are capped at 70 per cent of teaching staff. The international curriculum your child follows sits inside an Indonesian legal wrapper — that is the design, not a loophole. ↗
Every school is a yayasan. Indonesian international schools operate as non-profit foundations. German School Jakarta states it plainly: as a yayasan-run school it is “legally prohibited from making a profit”, with tuition funding education, teacher development and facilities. The frame does not make schools cheap — Jakarta’s premium tier is among Asia’s most expensive — but it does mean no shareholder extraction of the kind parents debate in for-profit markets. ↗